Nature of physical geography, Lithosphere: Geomorphology Origin of the earth Age of the earth, Structure of the earth's interior, Continents and ocean basins, Theory of Isostasy, Easrth's movements, Rocks, Vulcanicity and volcanoes, Earthquakes, Mountain building, Plateau, Plains, Lakes, Weathering and mass movement, Cycle of erosion, rejuvenation and polycyclic reliefs, Drainage systems and patterns, Running water (river) and fluvial landforms Groundwater and karst topography, Sea waves and coastal landforms, Wind and Aeolian landforms, Glaciers and glaciated topography, Periglacial processes and landforms, Hydrosphere: oceanography Reliefs of the ocean basins, Temperature and density of ocean water, Salinity, Ocean deposits, Ocean tides, Ocean currents, Coral reefs and atoll, Marine resources, Atmosphere:Climatology Composition and structure of the atmosphere, Insolation and heat budget, Temperature, Air pressure and atmospheric circulation, Humidity and precipitation, Air masses, Frontogenesis, cyclones and anticyclones, Classification of climates and climatic types, Biosphere:Biogeography Biosphere Ecosystem and ecology, Biosphere: an ecosystem, Plant community, Animal community, Biomes